Eteocretan language
The Minoan language is a language of Crete probably related to Greek and probably spoken before the invasion of Mycenaean armies. While attempts have been made to connect it to other languages, most consider Minoan a language isolate until a linguistic affiliation can be ascertained. It was written in Linear A, a syllabary used extensively up to 1420 BCE, primarily for the purposes of religious inscriptions and administrative records in the Minoan civilization.
The Eteocretan (i.e True Cretan) language is likely descended from Minoan and is largely written in a Euboean-derived script that was the norm after the Hellenic Dark Ages, although Linear scripts did continue on side-by-side for some time afterwards in the form of a few religious inscriptions.
Despite the fall of the Minoan civilization, inscriptions in Eteocretan survive dating from the 7th century BC to the 3rd century BC, typically written in the local archaic Greek alphabet and the Ionian Greek alphabet. Five inscriptions have been found that are surely Eteocretan, two in Dreros and three in Praisos in the Cretan prefecture of Lasithi. There are several other inscriptions that might be Eteocretan.
The Eteocretans
The Eteocretans are mentioned in Homer's Odyssey: There is a fair and fruitful island in mid-ocean called Crete it is thickly peopled and there are ninety cities in it: the people speak many different languages which overlap one another, for there are Achaeans, brave Eteocretans, Dorians of three-fold race, and noble Pelasgi.
This translation by Samuel Butler is perhaps too loose as it does not mention the Kydonians. Strabo quotes and elucidates this passage, translated by Horace Leonard Jones as follows: There dwell Achaeans, there Eteo-Cretans pround of heart, there Cydonians and Dorians, too, of waving plumes, and goodly Pelasgians.
Where Butler has "of three-fold race", which might refer to the three Dorian tribes, Jones has "of waving plumes", which both depend on the etymology of trichaikes, a hapax legomenon, "spoken once." Strabo, who depends of course on the books available to him, goes on to elaborate: Of these peoples, according to Staphylus, the Dorians occupy the part toward the east, the Cydonians the western part, the Eteo-Cretans the southern and to these last belongs the town Prasus, where is the temple of the Dictaean Zeus whereas the other peoples, since they were more powerful, dwelt in the plains. Now it is reasonable to suppose that the Eteo-Cretans and the Cydonians were autochthonous, and that the others were foreigners.
